네트워크 및 보안/TCPIP 프로토콜

ethernet

언제나휴일 2015. 2. 2. 17:33
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ethernet


역사

표준 (10M bps), 고속 (100Mbps), 기가(1Gpbs), 10기가(10Gpbs)

여기에서는 표준 이데넷을 기준으로 소개한다.


프로토콜 스택

dest MAC

(6 bytes)

src MAC

(6 bytes)

type

(2 bytes)

MAC

IEEE에서는 데이터 링크 계층에 LLC(Logical Link Contorl, 논리적 연결 제어)MAC(Medium Access Control, 매체 접근 제어)로 구분하여 여러 종류의 물리계층을 표현할 수 있게 하였다.


여기에서는 MAC부터 다를 것이다

MAC 주소의 마지막 값이 홀수는 유니캐스트이고 짝수는 멀티 캐스트를 나타낸다.

모든 비트가 1이면 브로드캐스트이다.

type

@    0000-05DC    IEEE802.3 Length Field (0.:1500.)
+    0101-01FF      Experimental
     0200 Xerox PUP (conflicts with 802.3 Length Field range) (see 0A00)
     0201 Xerox PUP Address Translation (conflicts ...) (see 0A01)
     0400 Nixdorf (conflicts with 802.3 Length Field)
+*   0600            Xerox NS IDP
     0601 XNS Address Translation (3Mb only)
+*   0800            DOD Internet Protocol (IP)
+    0801            X.75 Internet
+    0802            NBS Internet
+    0803            ECMA Internet
+    0804            CHAOSnet
+    0805            X.25 Level 3
+*   0806            Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) (for IP and for CHAOS)
     0807 XNS Compatibility
     081C Symbolics Private
+    0888-088A     Xyplex
     0900 Ungermann-Bass network debugger
     0A00 Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP
     0A01 Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP Address Translation
     0BAD            Banyan Systems
     0BAF            Banyon VINES Echo
     1000 Berkeley Trailer negotiation
     1001-100F      Berkeley Trailer encapsulation for IP
     1234 DCA - Multicast
*    1600 VALID system protocol
     1989 Artificial Horizons ("Aviator" dogfight simulator [on Sun])
     1995 Datapoint Corporation (RCL lan protocol)
     3C00 3Com NBP virtual circuit datagram (like XNS SPP) not registered
     3C01 3Com NBP System control datagram not registered
     3C02 3Com NBP Connect request (virtual cct) not registered
     3C03 3Com NBP Connect repsonse not registered
     3C04 3Com NBP Connect complete not registered
     3C05 3Com NBP Close request (virtual cct) not registered
     3C06 3Com NBP Close response not registered
     3C07 3Com NBP Datagram (like XNS IDP) not registered
     3C08 3Com NBP Datagram broadcast not registered
     3C09 3Com NBP Claim NetBIOS name not registered
     3C0A            3Com NBP Delete Netbios name not registered
     3C0B 3Com NBP Remote adaptor status request not registered
     3C0C 3Com NBP Remote adaptor response not registered
     3C0D            3Com NBP Reset not registered
     4242 PCS Basic Block Protocol
     424C       Information Modes Little Big LAN diagnostic
     4321 THD - Diddle
     4C42       Information Modes Little Big LAN
%    5208            BBN Simnet Private
     6000 DEC unassigned, experimental
     6001 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Dump/Load Assistance
     6002 DEC Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) Remote Console
     6003 DECNET Phase IV, DNA Routing
     6004 DEC Local Area Transport (LAT)
     6005 DEC diagnostic protocol (at interface initialization?)
     6006 DEC customer protocol
     6007 DEC Local Area VAX Cluster (LAVC), System Communication Architecture (SCA)
     6008 DEC AMBER
     6009 DEC MUMPS
+    6010-6014      3Com Corporation
     7000 Ungermann-Bass download
     7001 Ungermann-Bass NIUs
     7002 Ungermann-Bass diagnostic/loopback
     7003 Ungermann-Bass ??? (NMC to/from UB Bridge)
     7005 Ungermann-Bass Bridge Spanning Tree
     7007 OS/9 Microware
     7009 OS/9 Net?
+    7020-7029      LRT (England) (now Sintrom)
     7030 Racal-Interlan
     7031 Prime NTS (Network Terminal Service)
     7034 Cabletron
     8003 Cronus VLN
     8004 Cronus Direct
     8005 HP Probe protocol
+    8006            Nestar
+    8008            AT&T/Stanford Univ.            Local use
     8010 Excelan
+    8013            Silicon Graphics diagnostic
+    8014            Silicon Graphics network games
+    8015            Silicon Graphics reserved
+    8016            Silicon Graphics XNS NameServer, bounce server
+    8019            Apollo DOMAIN
+    802E            Tymshare
+    802F            Tigan, Inc.
+    8035            Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
+    8036            Aeonic Systems
     8037 IPX (Novell Netware?)
     8038 DEC LanBridge Management
     8039 DEC DSM/DDP
     803A DEC Argonaut Console
     803B DEC VAXELN
     803C DEC DNS Naming Service
     803D DEC Ethernet CSMA/CD Encryption Protocol
     803E DEC Distributed Time Service
     803F DEC LAN Traffic Monitor Protocol
     8040 DEC PATHWORKS DECnet NETBIOS Emulation
     8041 DEC Local Area System Transport
     8042 DEC unassigned
+    8044            Planning Research Corp.
+    8046            AT&T
+    8047            AT&T
     8048 DEC Availability Manager for Distributed Systems DECamds (but someone at DEC says not)
+    8049            ExperData
+    805B            VMTP (Versatile Message Transaction Protocol, RFC-1045) (Stanford) [was Stanford V Kernel, experimental]
+    805C            Stanford V Kernel, version 6.0
+    805D            Evans & Sutherland
+    8060            Little Machines
+    8062            Counterpoint Computers
+    8065            University of Mass. at Amherst
+    8066            University of Mass. at Amherst
+    8067            Veeco Integrated Automation
+    8068            General Dynamics
+    8069            AT&T
+    806A            Autophon
+    806C            ComDesign
+    806D            Compugraphic Corporation
+    806E-8077      Landmark Graphics Corporation
+    807A            Matra
+    807B            Dansk Data Elektronik
+    807C            Merit Internodal (or Univ of Michigan?)
+    807D-807F     Vitalink Communications
+    8080            Vitalink TransLAN III Management
+    8081-8083      Counterpoint Computers
     8088-808A      Xyplex
+    809B            EtherTalk (AppleTalk over Ethernet)
+    809C-809E     Datability
+    809F            Spider Systems Ltd.
+    80A3            Nixdorf Computers
+    80A4-80B3     Siemens Gammasonics Inc.
+    80C0-80C3     DCA (Digital Comm. Assoc.) Data Exchange Cluster
+    80C6            Pacer Software
+    80C7            Applitek Corporation
+    80C8-80CC     Intergraph Corporation
+    80CD-80CE     Harris Corporation
+    80CF-80D2     Taylor Instrument
+    80D3-80D4     Rosemount Corporation
     80D5 IBM SNA Services over Ethernet
+    80DD           Varian Associates
+    80DE-80DF     TRFS (Integrated Solutions Transparent Remote File System)
+    80E0-80E3      Allen-Bradley
+    80E4-80F0      Datability
+    80F2            Retix
+    80F3            AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)
+    80F4-80F5      Kinetics
+    80F7            Apollo Computer
+    80FF-8101      Wellfleet Communications
+    8102            Wellfleet; BOFL (Breath OF Life) pkts [every 5-10 secs.]
+    8103            Wellfleet Communications
     8107-8109      Symbolics Private
     812B Talaris
+    8130            Waterloo Microsystems Inc.
+    8131            VG Laboratory Systems
+    8137            Novell (old) NetWare IPX (ECONFIG E option)
+    8138            Novell, Inc.
+    8139-813D     KTI
     813F M/MUMPS data sharing
     8145 Vrije Universiteit (NL)                        Amoeba 4 RPC (obsolete)
     8146 Vrije Universiteit (NL)                        FLIP (Fast Local Internet Protocol)
     8147 Vrije Universiteit (NL)                        [reserved]
     814C SNMP over Ethernet (see RFC1089)
     814F Technically Elite Concepts      Network Professor
     8191 PowerLAN                                     NetBIOS/NetBEUI (PC)
     817D XTP
     81D6 Artisoft Lantastic
     81D7 Artisoft Lantastic
     8203-8205      QNX Software Systems Ltd.
     8390 Accton Technologies (unregistered)
     852B Talaris multicast
     8582 Kalpana
     86DD       IP version 6
     8739 Control Technology Inc.                    RDP Without IP
     873A Control Technology Inc.                    Mcast Industrial Ctrl Proto.
     873B Control Technology Inc.                    Proprietary
     873C Control Technology Inc.                    Proprietary
     8820 Hitachi Cable (Optoelectronic Systems Laboratory)
     8856       Axis Communications AB                       proprietary bootstrap/config
     8888 HP LanProbe test?
+    9000            Loopback (Configuration Test Protocol)
     9001 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), XNS Systems Management
     9002 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), TCP/IP Systems Management
     9003 3Com (Formerly Bridge Communications), loopback detection
     AAAA           DECNET?              Used by VAX 6220 DEBNI
     FAF5 Sonix Arpeggio
%    FF00            BBN VITAL-LanBridge cache wakeups

 

참고 사이트: http://www.cavebear.com/archive/cavebear/Ethernet/type.html

좀 더 자세한 자료를 원하면 http://www.cavebear.com/ 사이트를 방문하자.

위 사이트는 ethernet에 관한 다양한 연구 자료를 제공하는 Karl Auerbach(CaveBear)의 것이다.

 

CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)

망을 같이 사용하는 특징으로 충돌을 회피하기 위한 방법에 관한 규정

충돌을 방지하기 위해 최소 프레임 길이를 64바이트로 정의하였음(loop back은 관계없음) 

표준 이더넷에서 1bit를 전송하는 최대 전파 시간은 25.6 마이크로 초이다.

따라서 1비트를 전송 및 수신하는데 걸리는 시간은 52.6 마이크로 초이다.

그리고 표준 이더넷은 10Mbps(10000000 bit per seccond)이다.

10000000 bit/sec X 52.6 마이크로 초 = 512bit = 64byte

참고로 전이중 모드는 충돌이 없어서 CSMA/CD를 이용하지 않고 반이중 모드에서만 사용한다.


다른 네트워크 프로토콜

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - IPv4

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - ICMPv4

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - TCP(Transmission Control Protocol,RFC 675, RFC 793)

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - UDP(User Datagram Protocol, RFC 768)

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - DNS(Domain Name System, RFC 1034)

[프로그래밍 기술/TCPIP 프로토콜] - DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 

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